Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy

Sepsis remains the most common cause of death in critically ill patients worldwide and the most frequent non-cardiac disease diagnosed in the Coronary Care Unit. Myocardial dysfunction caused by sepsis, usually termed 'sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy' (SICM), is common and has long been a subject of interest for intensivists and cardiologists. Despite the lack of a consensus definition, SICM is widely recognized as a reversible condition characterized by acute single or bi-ventricular systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction unrelated to coronary artery disease. While indications for monitoring and treating septic cardiomyopathy are directed towards restoring tissue perfusion, a better understanding of the course and implications of septic cardiomyopathy may help to optimize interventions and improve clinical outcomes. The present review aims to summarize current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical presentation of SICM, and to provide insights to aid clinicians in managing affected patients.