Observation of Genuine High-dimensional Multi-partite Non-locality in Entangled Photon States
Quantum information science has leaped forward with the exploration of high-dimensional quantum systems, offering greater potential than traditional qubits in quantum communication and quantum computing. To advance the field of high-dimensional quantum technology, a significant effort is underway to progressively enhance the entanglement dimension between two particles. An alternative effective strategy involves not only increasing the dimensionality but also expanding the number of particles that are entangled. We present an experimental study demonstrating multi-partite quantum non-locality beyond qubit constraints, thus moving into the realm of strongly entangled high-dimensional multi-particle quantum systems. In the experiment, quantum states were encoded in the path degree of freedom (DoF) and controlled via polarization, enabling efficient operations in a two-dimensional plane to prepare three- and four-particle Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states in three-level systems. Our experimental results reveal ways in which high-dimensional systems can surpass qubits in terms of violating local-hidden-variable theories. Our realization of multiple complex and high-quality entanglement technologies is an important primary step for more complex quantum computing and communication protocols.
Authors
- Yun‐Feng Huang
- Marcus Huber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1985-4623)
- Chuan‐Feng Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6815-8929)
- Bi‐Heng Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4569-7716)
- Guang‐Can Guo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3771-9185)
- Armin Tavakoli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9136-7411)
- Chao Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8737-7465)
- Xiaoqin Gao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5043-1122)
- Yu Guo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1962-7343)
- Cen-Xiao Huang
- Gabriele Cobucci (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9090-8806)
- Nicola d'Alessandro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0470-6737)
- Xiao‐Min Hu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8424-187X)
Institutions
- University of Science and Technology of China (CN)
- Austrian Academy of Sciences (AT)
- Hefei University of Technology (CN)
- Lund University (SE)
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (AT)
- Quantum Design (Germany) (DE)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures (CN)
- Nanjing University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2025-05-30
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59717-y
- Citations
- 4
- Primary Topic
- Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 9.92
Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
- Government of Jiangsu Province
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province
- Wallenberg Center for Quantum Technology, Chalmers University of Technology