THE IMPORTANCE OF CRENOTHERAPY IN REGULATING METABOLIC PROCESSES AND THE FUNCTIONING OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Background. Crenotherapy, or drinking cure using medicinal waters, plays a significant role in spa treatment and the regulation of metabolic processes. It is based on the use of underground waters that are bacteriologically and chemically pure, have a stable composition and possess specific physical properties. Recognized as therapeutic by the Minister of Health, these waters exert both local effects on the gastrointestinal mucosa and systemic effects, influencing digestion, absorption and metabolism. The aim of this study was to review current reports from peer-reviewed national and international scientific journals concerning research on the effectiveness of crenotherapy in regulating metabolic processes and treating selected gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, the study presents key indications for the use of selected waters and provides information on contraindications associated with their use. Results and Conclusions. Crenotherapy has a positive impact on the regulation of metabolic processes and the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Medicinal waters alleviate symptoms associated with gastroesophageal reflux, support proper pancreatic function, effectively aid in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, help lower LDL cholesterol and benefit conditions related to liver diseases and irritable bowel syndrome. Crenotherapy should be used according to medical recommendations, considering factors such as quantity, temperature and the timing of water consumption. Indications include, among others, peptic ulcer disease, urinary tract infection prevention and support in managing metabolic syndrome. The study highlights the necessity of patient monitoring and the consideration of contraindications to the use of medicinal waters, which is crucial for the safety of the therapy.