INTERVENÇÕES CIRÚRGICAS EM NEOPLASIA RETAL: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

Cancer is a serious public health concern in Brazil, being the second cause of death. Rectal cancer, originating from adenomatous polyps, has nonspecific symptoms. Robotic surgery has improved treatment by increasing accuracy and reducing complications, resulting in better prognosis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the efficacy of robotic surgery in patients with rectal neoplasia in comparison with other surgical interventions. A systematic review of the intervention was carried out, following the PRISMA-ScR checklist and guidelines from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs) published in the last ten years, in English, Portuguese and Spanish, were selected, with a search in five databases, including the National Library of Medicine and the Cochrane Library. The research question was formulated based on the acronym PICO: “Is robotic surgery in patients with rectal neoplasia more effective than other surgical interventions?”. The screening of the studies was carried out using the Rayyan software, which is essential to ensure the quality of the process. The findings indicated that robotic surgery showed benefits, such as lower use of opioids and reduced operative time compared to conventional endoscopic resection. Conversion rates for open surgery were lower. However, there were no significant differences in mortality, complications, or survival, with the surgeon’s experience being an important factor in the results. Thus, it was found that robotic surgery is a promising alternative for rectal cancer, offering precision, fewer complications and quick recovery. However, it faces cost challenges and the need for specialized training. More studies are needed.