Efficacy of Artificial Pancreas Systems vs. Standard Insulin Pump Therapy in Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes

Pregnancy in women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) poses significant challenges, requiring stringent glycemic control to mitigate risks for both mother and fetus. This review evaluated the efficacy of Artificial Pancreas Systems (APS) compared to standard insulin pump therapy in pregnant women with T1DM, focusing on maternal glycemic control, neonatal outcomes, and patient satisfaction. APS, which integrates continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) with automated insulin delivery, has demonstrated superior glycemic control, evidenced by increased time-in-range (TIR), reduced HbA1c levels, and fewer hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic episodes. These improvements translate into better neonatal outcomes, including reduced rates of macrosomia, preterm birth, and neonatal hypoglycemia. Additionally, APS alleviates the burden of diabetes management, enhancing patient satisfaction and quality of life. However, challenges such as high costs, technical complexity, and the need for long-term safety data remain. This review synthesized evidence from recent studies, utilizing a systematic literature review methodology to provide a comprehensive analysis of APS efficacy. The findings highlighted APS as a transformative advancement in diabetes care during pregnancy, with the potential to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes significantly. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to assess long-term impacts and strategies to enhance accessibility and usability, ensuring broader adoption of this promising technology. Keywords: Artificial Pancreas Systems (APS), Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), Pregnancy, Glycemic Control, Neonatal Outcomes.