A Model for Rescue Route Planning Considering the Dynamic Effects of Fire Products

为了提升火灾救援效率并保障救援人员的安全，文章采用网格化方法对火场环境进行离散化处理，以最小化救援时间以及救援人员健康损伤为多目标优化函数，综合考虑火场内火灾动态演化过程以及建筑布局的约束条件，构建了一种考虑火灾产物动态影响的救援路径规划模型。并基于所构建模型的特征，提出了一种改进的Dijkstra算法，将路径权值设计为随时间动态变化的救援时间和累积损伤值，从而实现对该模型的有效求解。结果表明：与传统基于最短距离的模型相比，本模型所得的最优路径在救援时间和救援人员累积损伤两个指标上分别实现了57%和93%的显著改善，可以用于支撑火灾救援路径规划。To improve the efficiency of fire rescue and protect the safety of rescue personnel, a rescue route planning model considering the dynamic effects of fire products is constructed by discretizing the fire environment using the grid-based method, the minimization of rescue time and health damage of rescue personnel as the multi-objective optimization function, and considering the dynamic evolution process of fire in the fire scene as well as the constraints of building layout. Based on the characteristics of the constructed model, an improved Dijkstra algorithm is proposed, which designs the path weight as the rescue time and cumulative damage value that dynamically changes with time to achieve an effective solution for the model. The results show that, compared with the traditional model based on the shortest distance, the optimal route obtained by this model achieves a significant reduction of 57% and 93% in the rescue time and the cumulative damage of rescue personnel, respectively, which can be used to support the planning of fire rescue routes.