WAVE ATTENUATION DUE TO VEGETATION USING THE FULLY NONLINEAR BOUSSINESQ MODEL

Vegetation has a protective function against coastal hazards and also been recognized as a green infrastructure (i.e., nature-based solutions) in coastal and ocean engineering. One notable coastal vegetation is mangroves, which not only protect coastal communities from tsunamis (Danielsen et al., 2005) but also mitigate erosion and climate change (Duke et al., 2014). Hence, more attention has been paid in the recent two decades. Mangroves are also featured by their prop roots, essential in determining resistance forces to waves (i.e., Maza et al., 2019; Chang et al., 2022). Though the shape of mangroves’ roots has been considered in the lab, its effect on wave modeling has not been investigated clearly, especially in the phase-resolving regime. Thus, this study develops a vegetation module onto a fully nonlinear Boussinesq-type wave model, balanced by accuracy and efficiency, for wave attenuation modeling. Wave attenuations by idealized cylinders and Rhizophora apiculate mangroves are showcased in this study.