The relationship between physical activity levels and depression, anxiety, and stress among adults

Mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, and stress represent significant global public health challenges, impacting millions of adults worldwide. Physical activity has been increasingly recognized as a modifiable lifestyle factor with potential benefits for psychological well-being. This study examines the relationship between varying levels of physical activity-sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous—and the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among adults. Utilizing the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) alongside physical activity assessments, the research investigates how demographic factors such as gender, residence (rural vs. urban), and family structure influence this relationship. Results indicate that moderate physical activity is most common among males and individuals from joint families, while females and nuclear family residents predominantly engage in light activity. Although no significant gender differences were observed in mental health scores, rural and urban residents showed statistically significant variations in depression and stress levels. The findings underscore the importance of promoting tailored physical activity interventions to improve mental health outcomes, considering demographic and contextual factors. This study contributes valuable insights for developing cost-effective public health strategies aimed at mitigating the growing burden of mental health disorders among adults.