IMPROVED SEMI-EMPIRICAL MODEL FOR THE SPECTRAL WAVE PERIOD ON SHALLOW FORESHORES

The spectral wave period Tm-1,0 is one of the most widely used characteristic wave periods in coastal engineering for the estimation of wave reflection (Zanuttigh and van der Meer, 2008), wave run-up and overtopping (Altomare et al., 2016; van Gent, 1999), and toe and armour stability (Etemad-Shahidi et al., 2021, 2020), especially in the case of coastal structures on shallow foreshores. These coastal structures are becoming more common due to sea level rise, through adaptation of existing coastal defenses (i.e., hybrid blue-grey nature-based solutions) by e.g., beach and dune nourishments in front of dikes, or through construction of coastal defense structures on existing shallow and very mildly sloped mud-flats and salt marshes, or on reef flats with steeply sloped fore reefs.