Design of an Intelligent Manhole Cover with Automatic Alarm System Based on STM32

针对传统智能井盖系统功能单一、响应延迟长、能耗大等问题，文章设计了基于STM32的自动报警智能井盖系统。硬件以STM32F103C8T6为核心，集成多源传感器、GPS及ESP8266通信模块，通过串口、SPI实现高效数据交互。软件采用改进型扩展卡尔曼滤波融合数据，水位测量标准差优化至±0.8 mm，定位精度±1.5 m；构建事件驱动任务调度架构，结合动态功耗调控，待机时长达3.2年。创新性三级联锁异常检测模型将误报率控制在4.3%，检测准确率达96.7%。实际测试显示，系统在−20℃~60℃环境下数据传输可靠性达99.97%，报警响应延迟为237 ms，定位精度、能耗及稳定性均优于行业标准，为城市基础设施智能化管理提供了高可靠性方案。Aiming at the problems of the traditional intelligent manhole cover system, such as single function, high response delay, and large energy consumption, this paper designs an automatic alarm intelligent manhole cover system based on STM32. The hardware takes STM32F103C8T6 as the core, integrates multi-source sensors, GPS, and ESP8266 communication module, and realizes efficient data interaction through the serial port and SPI. In the software, the improved extended Kalman filter is used to fuse data, the standard deviation of water level measurement is optimized to ±0.8 mm, and the positioning accuracy is ±1.5 m. An event-driven task scheduling architecture is constructed, combined with dynamic power consumption regulation, and the standby time can reach up to 3.2 years. The innovative three-level interlock abnormal detection model controls the false alarm rate at 4.3%, and the detection accuracy rate reaches 96.7%. The actual test shows that the data transmission reliability of the system in the environment of −20˚C to 60˚C is 99.97%, the alarm response delay is 237 ms, and the positioning accuracy, energy consumption, and stability are all better than the industry standards, providing a highly reliable solution for the intelligent management of urban infrastructure.