HYBRID DUNE STRUCTURES AROUND THE WORLD: A NEW OVERVIEW AND LESSONS LEARNED

Shore protection strategies worldwide increasingly incorporate hybrid dunes, which combine sandy dunes with hard structures. These hybrid dunes often intentionally combine classic erosion-resistant hard elements (rock, concrete elements, sea walls, etc) with sandy dunes. Hereby they aim to combine the best two worlds, as hard structures need less space and have less uncertainty in performance, while sandy dunes enable recreation and nature and can be more resilient under sea level rise. At times, hard elements such as buildings or outfall pipelines are introduced for other purposes, but unintentionally affect dune erosion during storms.