Resistance of vibrio sp. bacteria in vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) rearing ponds from jepara to antibiotics: Oxytetracycline and erythromycin

Vannamei shrimp is one of the fishing commodities with a high export value and profit, so vannamei shrimp cultivators have implemented an intensive shrimp culture technology system. Intensive shrub cultivation technology with a high density of thickness, without proper management, will cause shrubs to be susceptible to disease and death. The attack of Vibrio sp. bacteria on shrimp is highly dangerous as it can cause mass mortality in shrimp cultivation. The problem of disease caused by pathogenic bacteria can be addressed with antibiotics, but the irrational use of antibiotics can lead to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the aquatic environment. This study aims to identify the species of bacteria belonging to the Vibrio genus and analyze the level of resistance of these bacteria to the antibiotics oxytetracycline and erythromycin. The research was conducted using confirmatory explorative methods. The samples used were obtained from the water and intestines of vannamei shrimp ponds at the DSTP (Directorate of Science and Techno Park) in Jepara. Based on the morphological, gram, and biochemical characteristics of the bacteria, the species of the Vibrio genus are V. parahaemolyticus, V. anguillarum, and V. metschnikovii. The bacteria found in the water and intestines of the vannamei shrimp ponds were tested for AMR using antibiotics oxytetracycline and erythromycin at doses of 60 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, and 400 ppm. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the diameter of the barrier zone of the bacteria of the genus Vibrio showed results below 18 mm, which means that the test bacteria had been resistant to the antibiotics erythromycin and oxytetracycline at doses of 60 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, and 400 ppm.