HYBRID MODELLING OF SUBMERGED RUBBLE-MOUND BREAKWATERS AS PASSIVE HARMONIC FILTER FOR SELECTIVE WAVE TRANSMISSION

Coastal regions have always been alluring places for settlements due to their proximity to the ocean, abundant natural resources, and the high quality of life they provide. Nevertheless, these areas face various vulnerabilities, including the effects of climate change like rising sea levels, storm surges, and more frequent extreme weather events. Rubble-mound breakwaters are commonly used as protective structures along the coast, but recent years have brought significant challenges due to climate change and growing environmental concerns. Coastal communities and managers are now seeking solutions that are more sustainable and have fewer impacts on the landscape and ecology. These demands are reshaping the conventional approach to designing these structures. To address these challenges, it is necessary to adapt breakwaters to meet present, future, social, and environmental expectations.