Characterization of a Novel Customized-Release Capsule Technology: In Vitro Performance, Pharmacokinetics and Physiological Impact

provided biological samples before and after the intervention as well as after one year.Data were analyzed in R using linear mixed effects modeling.Results: Compared to the baseline diet, the intervention diet was lower in total fat (-12.2%),sodium (-16.9%),saturated fat (-6.1%), and ultra-processed foods (UPF, -38.1%) while doubling fiber intake.Average daily energy intake spontaneously decreased from 1983 AE 866 kcal to 1650 AE 334 kcal postintervention.Metabolic improvements included HOMA-1IR (-18.74%,p< 0.0001), QUICKI (+5.28%, p<0.0001),SPISE (+6.29%, p 0.01), TyG index (-1.28%,p0.03), glucose (-2.93%, p0.01), insulin (-15.86%,p< 0.0001), C-peptide (-14.36%,p< 0.0001), total cholesterol (-10.57%,p< 0.0001), LDL (-6.76%, p0.006), non-HDL (-7.36%, p0.002),ApoB (-11.63%,p< 0.0001) and a concomitant 81.5% (p0.03)increase in FGF21-a key regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism.One-year post-intervention follow-up data showed a rebound in energy, fat, sodium, and UPF intakes alongside a reverse trend in metabolic status: SPISE (-3.53%, p0.06),TyG index (+2.3%,p0.003),glucose (+10.78%,p< 0.0001), total cholesterol (+9.02%, p0.0004),LDL (+10.49%,p0.02), and non-HDL (+10.68%,p0.004).Conclusions: A healthy, plant-forward, low-UPF dietary pattern with MPLP enhanced nutrient intake patterns, spontaneously reduced energy intake and improved glucose and lipid metabolism supporting healthier aging in older adults.MPLP can be part of a healthful diet without negative impacts on metabolic health.