Application of Proteomic and Metabolomic Technologies in Renal Cell Carcinoma and Research Progress of Related Biomarkers

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which accounts for about 90 percent of kidney cancers, has a distinct metabolic reprogramming profile characterized by increased aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), abnormal accumulation of lipids, and impaired mitochondrial function. Recent advances in high-throughput proteomic and metabolomic technologies have revolutionized our understanding of the pathophysiology of RCC, allowing for the systematic identification of disease-specific molecular signatures, elucidation of drug resistance mechanisms, and possible targets for intervention. The review focuses on the use of proteomic and metabolomic technologies in renal cell carcinoma and the research progress on related biomarkers, and is expected to provide useful information for the early detection and treatment of RCC.