The Effects of an Oral Synbiotic vs a Myo-Inositol Based Supplement in Those With Noncystic Acne

synthesized using a random-effects meta-analysis model, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I 2 statistic.Results: A total of 804 participants from nine randomized controlled trials were surveyed.Interventions that included probiotics or vitamin D led to a significant overall improvement in mental health outcomes (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.99, 95% CI 1.76 to 0.23, p .01).Anxiety symptoms were significantly reduced (SMD 1.00, 95% CI 1.49 to 0.51), whereas the effects on depression (SMD 1.49, 95% CI 3.92 to 0.94) and cognitive function (SMD 0.53, 95% CI 1.19 to 0.13) were not significant.The binary measure of fatigue showed a robust improvement (odds ratio 2.36, 95% CI 2.03 to 2.75, p < .0001),while there were no significant effects on continuous fatigue (SMD 0.97, 95% CI 2.41 to 0.47, p .19)or inflammatory markers (SMD 1.82, 95% CI 4.68 to 1.04, p .21).Conclusions: Probiotics and vitamin D demonstrate potential for addressing mental health disturbances and binary measures of fatigue in long COVID patients.However, high heterogeneity across studies, along with variable results under different metaanalytic models, underscores the need for standardized protocols and more rigorous research designs.These findings support integrating nutrition-based strategies into long COVID management, highlighting the importance of personalized approaches tailored to individual patient profiles.