Numerical Analysis of Hydrodynamic Interactions Based on Ship Types

To ensure safe navigation, ship operators must not only meet the criteria defined in the International Maritime Organization (IMO) maneuverability standards but also understand maneuvering characteristics in restricted waters. This study numerically analyzed the hydrodynamic lateral forces and yaw moments acting on a stern trawler, a container ship, and a very large crude carrier (VLCC) with different hull forms as they navigated near a semi-circular bank wall. The effects of varying bank radius, lateral clearance, and water depth were examined. The results showed that the VLCC experienced the strongest attractive lateral force, while the stern trawler exhibited the most significant yaw moment. The hydrodynamic interaction patterns of the stern trawler and container ship were similar, whereas the VLCC displayed distinct behavior due to its fuller hull and greater inertia. These findings demonstrate that hull geometry significantly influences hydrodynamic interactions near boundaries, and the degree of response varies by ship type. The results provide valuable reference data for improving navigation safety in confined waters and preventing marine accidents such as collisions and groundings. This study contributes to a better understanding of ship–bank interaction and offers a theoretical basis for maneuvering assessments of various ship types in restricted maritime environments.