Sulfites Dysregulate Amino Acid Metabolites and Energy Metabolism During Epithelial Differentiation in Pediatric Colon Organoids

Objectives: Energy requirements can vary between military occupational specialties (MOS) based on the physical demands of the job.US Army MOS consist of combat arms personnel (CA) who engage directly in combat, combat support (CS) who provide operational support, and combat service support (CSS) who provide logistical support.To determine the caloric requirements of MOS categories, we computed the estimated energy requirements (EER) among US Army service members participating in the Military Health and Nutrition Examination Study (MHANES).Methods: Data were collected by MHANES staff at two large Army installations in 2024.Body weight and fat free mass (FFM) were measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis and MOS was collected via survey.EER were computed for low active and active physical activity levels by sex using the 2023 Dietary Reference Intake equations for energy from the National Academy of Medicine.One-way ANOVA followed by Holm post-hoc comparisons were used to compare anthropometrics and EER across MOS.Results: Data (mean AE SD) were collected from 260 volunteers (25% female, 25% Hispanic, 56% White, 85% enlisted).Mean age was 28.8 AE 7.6 years and mean body mass index was 28.1 AE 4.3 kg/m 2 .Most volunteers (n105) were CSS, followed by CA (n77) and CS (n74).Body weight (P0.02),FFM (P< 0.001), low active (P< 0.001) and active EER (P< 0.001) were significantly different across MOS.CA volunteers were heavier (87.1 AE 16.1 vs. 81.4AE 16.1 kg), had more FFM (65.5 AE 11.3 vs. 59.5 AE 12.3 kg), and greater low active EER (2998 AE 329 vs. 2752 AE 419 kcal/day) and active EER (3213 AE 304 vs. 3027 AE 354 kcal/day) compared to CSS volunteers.No other significant differences between MOS were observed.Conclusions: Greater FFM and EER observed in CA may be due to the increased physical demands of CA, while the less physically demanding CSS roles may result in less FFM and reduced EER.Future investigations should assess differences in physical activity levels and dietary intake between MOS to further characterize energetic needs across MOS.This work provides preliminary data on energetic requirements of soldiers and may lead to recommendations for Army service members customized for their occupational specialty.Views expressed are not official US