Assessment of Postprandial Amino Acid Response to Biscuits Fortified With Brewers’ Spent Grain (BSG) and Fermented BSG in Individuals With Metabolic Syndrome

4.8 g/day) for 8 weeks, respectively.Blood samples were collected at week 0 and after 8 weeks.The PFT was performed at week 8, followed by additional blood sampling at 0, 120, 240, and 480 min.The closure times, including collagen epinephrine, collagen adenosine diphosphate, prothrombin, and activated partial thromboplastin, as well as the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors such as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-, interferon-, and TBX21, were measured.Results: During the 8 weeks, the collagen adenosine diphosphate closure time was delayed in the PO group compared to the placebo group (p 0.094); however, there was no significant difference in the other closure times.In terms of TNF- and TBX21, the PO group showed a significant decrease compared to the placebo group (p 0.004 and 0.026, respectively).After the PFT, there were no significant differences in closure times between the two groups.However, the mRNA expression of TBX21 was significantly decreased in the PO group compared to the placebo group (p 0.044).Conclusions: In conclusion, consumption of PO may prevent inflammatory responses as well as blood coagulation-induced oxidative stress, thereby potentially suppressing the progression of thrombus formation.