Pacing and Time Interval Are Important for Repeated Exposure Effects on Infant Novel Food Acceptance

Conclusions: UOsm increased during pregnancy, peaking in the second trimester, and was higher in women with overweight/obesity despite increasing TWI across gestation.The lack of a BMI effect on TWI suggests fluid intake may be inadequate, particularly in BMI 25 groups.Given the absence of defined UOsm hypohydration thresholds in pregnancy, these findings underscore the need to optimize hydration recommendations for maternal and fetal health.