SEA DEFENCE BY GRAVEL NOURISHMENT AND SUBMERGED BREAKWATERS: A CASE STUDY

Marina di Pisa is a coastal town located on the Northern Tuscan coast on the Tyrrhenian Sea, on the south side of the Arno River delta. The first signs of erosion were evident right after the establishment of Marina Di Pisa in 1872, when a large buffer of sandy beaches still existed between the town and the sea. The first recording of a protective perishable structure against erosion is from a postcard of Marina di Pisa from 1915, kickstarting a battle between the force of the sea and the attempt at land preservation (Pranzini et al., 2018)