Research Advances in the Mechanisms Underlying SARS-CoV-2-Induced Decline in Sperm Quality

SARS-CoV-2是一种新型冠状病毒，其主要通过血管紧张素转换酶2 (ACE2)入侵靶点细胞，可导致感染者出现呼吸系统、神经系统、心血管系统以及生殖系统症状。本文通过总结SARS-CoV-2降低精子质量的相关机制，发现SARS-CoV-2主要通过睾丸炎症反应、氧化应激反应、下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴，睾丸微循环障碍等途径影响精子的发生和成熟，从而导致男性精子质量下降。SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus, primarily invades host cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and can induce symptoms affecting the respiratory, nervous, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems in infected individuals. This article synthesizes current research on the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 reduces sperm quality, revealing that the virus primarily impairs spermatogenesis and sperm maturation through testicular inflammatory responses, oxidative stress responses, dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, and testicular microcirculatory disturbances, ultimately leading to diminished sperm quality.