Evaluating Genetic Obesity Interventions: A Survival Analysis Approach

Background: Obesity, particularly when influenced by genetic factors, poses significant challenges for effective weight management. Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy of three medications—Metformin, Ozempic (semaglutide), and Saxenda (liraglutide)—in promoting weight reduction. Methods: A total of 165 participants were included in the study, with 70.9% classified as obese. Participants were treated with Metformin, Ozempic, or Saxenda, and their weight loss outcomes were monitored. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess time-to-weight reduction, and Cox regression analysis was employed to identify predictors of weight loss. Results: GLP-1 receptor agonists (Ozempic and Saxenda) demonstrated significantly greater weight reduction compared to metformin (p<0.001). Mean weight loss was 8.72 kg for Ozempic and 9.81 kg for Saxenda, compared to only 1.17–1.18 kg for Metformin. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that participants on Ozempic and Saxenda achieved weight reduction faster than those on Metformin (p<0.001). Cox regression analysis identified physical activity as the only significant predictor of weight reduction (HR = 1.64, p=0.006), while age, diet, and smoking status were not statistically significant. Conclusions: GLP-1 receptor agonists (Ozempic and Saxenda) are highly effective for weight reduction in individuals with obesity, particularly those with genetic predispositions, and should be considered as first-line treatments. Physical activity plays a critical role in enhancing weight loss outcomes and should be integrated into obesity management plans.