Tunable anomalous Hall effect and anisotropic magnetism in In-doped TbMn₆Sn₆ kagome magnets

Abstract Kagome magnets TbMn 6 Sn 6− x In x ( x = 0–1.2) exhibit a robust anomalous Hall effect (AHE) that persists above room temperature, demonstrating significant potential for high-temperature spintronics applications. At elevated temperatures, a spin-reorientation transition induces a ferrimagnetic state (FIM1) with in-plane magnetic moments, accompanied by a non-monotonic Hall response that differs markedly from the low-temperature behavior. Upon indium doping, the long-range ferrimagnetic transition is progressively suppressed to lower temperatures, along with a noticeable reduction in magnetic anisotropy. Interestingly, at a doping level of x = 1.2, the FIM1 state observed in the parent compound is completely eliminated. These systematic changes in magnetic ordering and transport properties underscore a coherent evolution of the electronic and magnetic states with doping, offering critical insights into the interplay among lattice structure, magnetism, and electronic behavior in kagome lattices.