Systematic Review About Gratification and Compensation in Addictive Behaviors: Key Mechanisms Which Deserve More Attention in Addiction Research

Abstract Purpose of Review Theoretical approaches emphasize gratification and compensation as key mechanisms for the development and maintenance of addictive behaviors. Both constructs are considered reinforcement mechanisms of behavioral manifestation. This review aims to provide an overview regarding the theoretical classification, the empirical evidence, and an outlook on the significance of these mechanisms for future research. Recent Findings We conducted a systematic literature review and included studies which investigated gratification and compensation in the context of different types of internet-related addictive disorders. The results demonstrate the relevance of gratification and compensation in addictive behaviors, even if the evidence differ between specific addictive behaviors and depend upon the exact definitions of the constructs. Summary Results are discussed against the background of theoretical approaches. We also provide suggestions for future research which should systematically address the role of specific needs and deficits in need satisfaction during the actual experience of using an application in (internet-related) addictive disorders. This could also contribute to answering the question of why people persist in a certain behavior despite negative consequences.