Efficacy of <i>Garcinia indica</i> fractions on mast cell degranulation in experimental allergic conditions

Objectives: Allergic reactions are classified into two categories: Early-phase response (EPR) and late-phase response (LPR). EPRs demonstrate a rapid onset of symptoms resulting from histamine release by mast cells (MCs). The introduction of compound 48/80 (C48/80) to rats induces an EPR by facilitating the release of MC contents. Research suggests that inhibiting MC degranulation may hold promise for curing allergic conditions. This article investigates the ability of hydro-alcoholic fractions of Garcinia indica (HAGI) to inhibit MC degranulation. G. indica , a fruit tree from the Clusiaceae family, is known for its use in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and various industrial applications. Its health benefits are attributed to its high phytochemical content. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the anti-allergic activity of G. indica fruit fractions using both ex vivo and in vivo experimental models. Materials and Methods: HAGI was tested for anti-allergic efficacy using a C48/80-generated MC degranulation paradigm in isolated rat mesentery. A dose of 100 μg/mL was administered to a variety of fractions (F2–F8) of the hydro-alcoholic extract. Results: MC degranulation in rat mesenteric tissue was markedly reduced at a concentration of 50 mg/kg with a significance of P &lt; 0.01 and at an elevated concentration of 100 mg/kg with a significance of P &lt; 0.001 by the HAGI (F2–F8) in the ex vivo study at 100 μg/mL. The HAGI F6 fraction, when administered at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg in the in vivo study, significantly suppressed the degranulation of mesenteric MC-mediated by C48/80 in rats. The inhibition was significant at P &lt; 0.001 for both concentrations, indicating a robust effect of the fraction at these doses. Conclusion: This study validates the traditional use of G. indica fruit fractions in treating allergic diseases, demonstrating significant MC stabilising activity and antiallergic effects. Further, systematic research is required to clarify the precise fundamental process in the MC stabilising functioning of these fractions.