Assessing the Knowledge of Diabetic Patients About Glucagon Use in Hypoglycemia: A Cross-Sectional Study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Background and aim Glucagon is a critical intervention for severe hypoglycemia in diabetic patients. However, knowledge about its use remains insufficient among patients. This study aimed to assess the knowledge level related to glucagon in diabetic patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted among diabetic patients aged 18 years and above in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Participants were recruited via social media, diabetes mellitus support groups, and healthcare facilities. The questionnaire collected demographic data, diabetes-related information, and knowledge regarding glucagon use. Results The study included 643 respondents, with a majority from the 24 to 34-year age group. Males constituted 60.3% (n=388) of the participants' population. The majority of participants (70.6%, n=454) had type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), whereas 29.4% (n=189) had type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The majority of respondents stated that they had experienced hypoglycemia (58.3%, n=375), with 43.2% (n=278) experiencing severe hypoglycemia. A total of 69.2% (n=445) of participants were not aware of glucagon injection. Out of those who were aware, 34.3% (n=68) did not have glucagon injection at home, and 17.7% (n=35) were unaware of how to use it. Knowledge of glucagon was higher among younger individuals, those with higher education, and employed participants (p<0.05). T1DM patients showed significantly greater knowledge of glucagon compared to those with T2DM (p<0.05). Those with diabetes for less than five years were more likely to know about the use of glucagon (p<0.05). Conclusions There is a significant gap in glucagon knowledge and availability among diabetic patients in Riyadh. Therefore, diabetic patients should be educated about glucagon, especially those with a longer duration of diabetes.