EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT UNITS AND PLACEMENT METHODS ON WAVE OVERTOPPING ON MOUND BREAKWATERS

Most of the existing and widely used wave run-up and overtopping formulas reflect the effect of different units placed at the armor layers of mound breakwaters utilizing a roughness coefficient (f) specifically assigned for the unit type (see e.g. TAW, 2002; EurOtop, 2018). However, the effect of the different armor placement methods has not been fully addressed in these approaches. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of different placement methods and packing densities of different armor units on wave overtopping. Within this scope, an experimental study was carried out using quarry rocks, tetrapod and Antifer units along the armor layer of conventional mound breakwater cross-sections having two different face slopes. In the experiments, both the mean overtopping discharges (q) and individual overtopping volumes (Vind) were measured. The experimental results are compared with the computations based on the most prevalent formulas in practice.