Rapid Modeling Method for Urban Rail Infrastructure Equipment Based on Laser Point Cloud Technology

本文围绕城轨基础设施的三维数字化建模技术展开研究，重点探讨了基于激光点云数据的采集、预处理、自动建模及模型优化方法，并进一步探讨了三维模型在可视化管理平台中的应用效果。针对城轨环境中设备复杂、数据采集难度较高的特点，提出一种多平台协同的激光扫描数据采集方案，并建立了严格的数据预处理标准化流程，确保采集数据的高精度和一致性。在自动建模阶段，通过白模构建、挂接纹理以及几何与纹理的优化策略，实现设备模型的高效自动生成和精细展示，达到既满足精度要求又兼顾存储和传输效率的效果。最终将构建的三维模型导入基于建筑信息技术、物联网及GIS的可视化管理平台，实现了对设备状态的实时监控与动态管理，提升了基础设施全生命周期的运维效率。This article focuses on the research of 3D digital modeling technology for urban rail infrastructure, with a particular emphasis on the collection, preprocessing, automatic modeling, and model optimization methods based on laser point cloud data. Furthermore, the application effects of 3D models in visual management platforms are further explored. A multi platform collaborative laser scanning data acquisition scheme is proposed to address the complex equipment and high difficulty of data acquisition in urban rail transit environments. A strict data preprocessing standardization process is established to ensure high accuracy and consistency of the collected data. In the automatic modeling stage, efficient automatic generation and fine display of device models are achieved through white mold construction, texture attachment, and optimization strategies of geometry and texture, achieving both accuracy requirements and storage and transmission efficiency. The final constructed 3D model was imported into a visual management platform based on building information technology, the Internet of Things, and GIS, achieving real-time monitoring and dynamic management of equipment status, and improving the operational efficiency of the entire lifecycle of infrastructure.