Evaluation of Magnetic Hysteresis in Core–Shell Graphene, Graphyne, and Graphdiyne Nanostructures via Monte Carlo Simulations

Abstract This research utilizes Monte Carlo simulations with the Blume–Capel model to investigate the hysteresis behavior of graphene, graphyne, and graphdiyne nanostructures. By analyzing the effects of exchange interactions, crystal field, and temperature, the research explores the stability and reversibility of magnetization in these materials. The study finds that graphene exhibits the highest stability, with core–shell and core–core interactions enhancing stability, while stronger crystal fields and higher temperatures reduce coercivity and accelerate the paramagnetic transition, optimizing properties for nanotechnology.