PREVALENCE AND CLASSIFICATION OF ANAEMIA IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS UNDERGOING HEMODIALYSIS

Anaemia is a common and serious complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), primarily caused by reduced erythropoietin production, iron deficiency, and chronic inflammation. In CKD patients, anaemia exacerbates cardiovascular risks, increases fatigue, and significantly reduces quality of life. Haemodialysis plays a crucial role in managing CKD-related anaemia by removing uremic toxins that impair erythropoiesis and iron metabolism. However, despite regular dialysis, many patients remain anaemic due to factors like blood loss during dialysis, inadequate iron supplementation, and hepcidin-mediated iron sequestration. Effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach, including optimized haemodialysis, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), and iron therapy. Monitoring haemoglobin, ferritin, and other haematological indices is essential to tailor treatment and improve outcomes. Addressing anaemia in CKD patients not only enhances survival rates but also improves physical functioning and overall well-being.Thus,integrating anaemia management with haemodialysis protocols is vital for comprehensive CKD care.