Climate change: toward proactive urban green management

Sustainable management of urban greenery, particularly of monumental trees in historic settings, requires an integrated approach that considers both ecophysiology and biomechanics of plants. Tree architecture, influenced by genetic and environmental factors, evolves throughout the life cycle, passing through distinct phases characterized by different physiological and biomechanical requirements. Environmental stresses, such as air pollution and water stress, can compromise the health of trees, making them more vulnerable to disease and breakage. Improper pruning can further weaken plants by altering hormonal flows and reducing their adaptive capacity. The case of the holm oaks (Quercus ilex) of the waterway in the Royal Palace of Caserta Park highlights how the management of monumental trees requires a scientific approach based on assessing the health status of the plants and understanding their adaptation mechanisms. Scientific research can provide valuable support in selecting species best suited to specific contexts and developing innovative management tools for monitoring vegetation. Climate change calls for a proactive approach to urban greenery management, including the gradual renewal of trees and the implementation of multi-year management plans, considering the future benefits that trees can provide in terms of ecosystem services