Ensuring the Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-Being of the Civilian Population and Armed Forces of Ukraine (Review)

Objective — to analyse the features of modern provision of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the civilian population and the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Materials and methods. The study involved analysing regulatory documents forming the legislative framework of Ukraine on state defenсe, healthcare for civilians and military personnel, scientific publications, analytical reports, methodological recommendations, and articles on medical support for the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The research utilised systematic approaches, system analysis, historical-informational methods, semantic evaluation of scientific documents, observation, and structural-logical analysis. Results and discussion. Modern healthcare and public health systems focus on disease prevention, reducing injury and disability, preventing premature mortality, increasing life expectancy, promoting healthy lifestyles, and ensuring a healthy environment for current and future generations. A crucial driver for harmonising Ukraine’s legislative framework with European standards is the current state policy aimed at minimising state intervention in business activities, decentralising governance, and shifting responsibilities to local authorities, including the assurance of public sanitary and epidemiological well-being. When it comes to acute respiratory viral infections and coronavirus infection, which predominantly affect the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, annual vaccination is the most effective preventive measure, especially for at-risk groups. Vaccination against influenza does not protect against COVID-19 and vice versa, but vaccinations for these illnesses can be administered on the same day or with minimal intervals. Given the above, one aspect of medical support in the Armed Forces of Ukraine examined in this study is the organisation and implementation of sanitary-epidemiological reconnaissance. These reconnaissance results are critical for targeted measures to prevent infections within military units, mitigate the spread of infectious diseases among personnel, and optimise the allocation of medical resources and local assets for epidemic control. Conclusions. The ongoing large-scale armed aggression by the Russian Federation against Ukraine significantly impacts the accessibility and analysis of demographic data, particularly birth and mortality rates. The epidemic situation in Ukraine continues to be characterised by sporadic cases, group outbreaks, and epidemic peaks. Among infectious diseases, acute respiratory viral infections represent up to 98% of cases, alongside viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, and vaccine-preventable diseases, which have the most significant impact on public health. The study highlights the importance of examining the combined effects of modern combat trauma and concurrent infections.