Association Between Oral Candidiasis And Blood Glucose Level: A Case Control Study

Background: Background: Oral candidiasis, a fungal infection of the mucous diabetes membranes caused by Candida species, is a common health issue, particularly among diabetic individuals. In Bangladesh, the prevalence of diabetes and oral diseases like candidiasis is rising, but there is limited data on the association between oral candidiasis and blood glucose levels. Aim of the study: This study aimed to explore the association between oral candidiasis and blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes, while examining the impact of socio- demographic factors, oral hygiene, and other habitual factors. Methods: This case-control study was conducted at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, over one year. A total of 290 participants were enrolled, divided into two groups: Group A (patients diagnosed with oral candidiasis, n=97) and Group B (healthy controls, n=193). Data on socio-demographics, oral hygiene, blood glucose levels (FBS, 2HABF, HbA1c), and oral candidiasis were collected through interviews and laboratory tests. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24, with significance set at p≤0.05. Result: The study found that 28.9% of patients with oral candidiasis had HbA1c levels ≥7%, compared to 17.1% in the control group (p=0.020). A significant association was observed between lower educational levels and the development of oral candidiasis (OR=3.533, 95% CI: 1.977–6.315), as well as higher HbA1c levels (OR=1.968, 95% CI: 1.105–3.505). Poor oral hygiene was also significantly associated with candidiasis in the case group. Conclusion: The study suggests a significant relationship between oral candidiasis and poor glycemic control in diabetic patients. It emphasizes the need for improved diabetes management and oral hygiene, particularly for elderly and low-education groups .