Trends in household food expenditure in Indonesia: Analysis of the period 2018–2022

Food expenditure is an important indicator in analyzing household economic resilience. The high proportion of food expenditure indicates economic vulnerability, especially among low-income households. This study aims to analyze the change in the percentage of households with a share of more than 65% in food expenditure in Indonesia during the period 2018–2022. Secondary data were used from a five-year national survey (2018–2022). The analysis was carried out to identify patterns of change and factors that affect the dynamics of household food expenditure. Results show a decrease in the proportion of households with a share of food expenditure >65% from 40.89% in 2018 to 34.23% in 2022. However, a volatile trend occurred, especially in 2020 and 2021 due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Certain regions showed significant increases in 2022, reflecting regional disparities. These findings underscore the need for policies to strengthen the household economy and equitable access to food to reduce vulnerability. This analysis can be the basis for policymakers in designing poverty alleviation programs.