Urban Climate Resilience Discourse in Ontario, Canada: Findings from a Systematic Literature Review and Thematic Analysis

Background: This review set out to investigate how academic literature addresses urban climate resilience in the context of Ontario, Canada. Considering the province’s large population, economic importance, and increasing climate-related challenges, the review also aimed to uncover gaps in the research and areas needing further exploration. Methods: Literature was screened based on pre-determined criteria for relevance to urban climate resilience in Ontario. Text snippets were extracted and analyzed using inductive coding and thematic analysis, and descriptive statistics summarized key features of the articles. Article quality was assessed using JBI critical appraisal tools. Results: A total of 192 articles were identified, with 22 meeting the inclusion criteria. Most articles were published during or after 2020, with subjects including green infrastructure, governance, and public health. The codes generated from inductive analysis were organized into four key themes—adaptive governance, knowledge exchange, community engagement, and equity and health. Thematic findings highlight the need for flexible climate governance, cross-sector collaboration, deeper community engagement, and greater equity in public health and resilience planning, emphasizing inclusive, localized approaches to urban climate resilience in Ontario. Conclusion: The review highlights that urban climate resilience in Ontario is closely linked to climate action, with a focus on adaptation at the local level. Key gaps in Ontario’s ability to build urban climate resilience include the need for more effective knowledge exchange and the adoption of adaptive governance strategies. Collaborating with the private sector and exploring public–private partnerships could enhance resilience-building efforts.