Battery Charging Methods: A Comparative Analysis

Abstract: Efficient battery charging strategies are critical for emerging applications such as electric vehicles (EVs) and portable electronics. This study offers a comprehensive evaluation of five prevalent charging methods—Constant Current–Constant Voltage (CC-CV), Pulse, Trickle, Fast, and Taper charging—through both theoretical analysis and empirical data synthesis. Performance metrics include charging time, energy efficiency, thermal behaviour, and long-term battery health. The findings reveal that while Fast charging provides rapid energy delivery, CC-CV remains optimal for balancing speed and longevity, with potential enhancements from hybrid approaches incorporating pulse modulation.