Maximization of battery charging efficiency in photovoltaic systems through PI Controlled SEPIC Converter with P&O MPPT

• This research contributed to improving the power efficiency generated by the solar panel system. • The article proposed methods for addressing a situation characterized by low radian intensity. • SEPIC (Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter) with a high-duty cycle setting of the close loop system is the proposed method • A Novel self-tuning of the Gain PI-P&O based on Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) to adjust the duty cycle to obtain the maximum power point of the solar panel system. People residing in remote areas encounter challenges in obtaining, receiving, and utilizing electricity due to their location. A case study in Indonesia illustrates this point, as desolate locations and remote areas within the country possess considerable potential for solar radiation, rendering them well-suited for solar PV renewable energy applications. Solar PV performance is contingent upon solar radiation levels. Additionally, variations in weather conditions and shifts in solar radiation have been shown to impede the effective charging of batteries. Batteries, which function as storage media for electrical energy, represent a critical component in the broader context of solar power generation. This research aims to ascertain the battery output in a solar power plant despite variations in weather and shifts in solar irradiance. To ensure stable output voltage of solar panels, a SEPIC Converter (Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter) is proposed, which utilizes PI (Proportional Integral) control to regenerate the output stability of MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) results from solar panels using P&O (Perturb & Observe) control. The design and test results demonstrate the proposed converter's efficiency in determining the system's maximum power point is 73%-97%. Furthermore, under conditions of low radian intensity with high duty cycle, the efficiency of the converter reaches over 90%, signifying its potential for enhancing the efficiency of power generation in solar panel systems in desolate and remote regions, where environmental factors such as changing weather and shifting sun direction can be a concern.