A Framework for Evaluating the Total Cost of Ownership of Supply Chain Technology: The Case of a Passive Cold-Chain Vaccine Carrier Technology

The increasing use of vaccines necessitates identifying new target groups and expanding immunization activities, often in areas with inadequate infrastructure and cold chain networks. Healthcare providers and medical distributors face challenges in adopting vaccine technology due to insufficient understanding of life cycle costs. To address these concerns, Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) assists in understanding the feasibility of vaccine technology adoption throughout its life cycle. This research develops a conceptual framework and toolkit for evaluating the TCO of vaccine carrier technologies. Using Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM), the study identifies the problem, establishes objectives, and conducts a comprehensive literature review to shape the Preliminary TCO Framework. Semi-structured interviews with industry experts validate and enhance this framework, ensuring alignment with real-world applications. A toolkit for evaluating TCO through case study analysis is also outlined. The integration of Design Science Research results in an enhanced framework for the iterative evaluation of TCO for vaccine carrier technology, facilitating cost-effective assessments and evidence-based decision-making in healthcare settings. This versatile tool bridges engineering and business perspectives, valuable in resource-constrained environments. This research contributes valuable insights into the adoption of vaccine technology, offering a comprehensive approach for decision-makers in healthcare.