Optimization and Tribological Performance of Laser-Textured Ti-3Al-2.5V and Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloys for Advanced Engineering Applications

Abstract This study investigates the optimization of the laser texturing parameters for the Ti-3Al-2.5V and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloys using the Box–Behnken design and tests their dry and lubricated sliding tribological properties. The input variables selected are laser power, frequency, and scanning speed with the response parameter as the depth of the texturing. Optimized laser parameters achieved a texturing depth as high as 25.47 µm for the Ti-3Al-2.5V and 20.77 µm for the Ti-6Al-7Nb, which resulted in significant improvements in the properties related to the tribology. Surface texturing reduced the coefficient of friction by approximately 48% and 25% while the wear coefficient was reduced by 33% and 38%, respectively, in Ti-3Al-2.5V and Ti-6Al-7Nb surfaces. Moreover, the polyalphaolefin 4 oil lubricated and textured surfaces exhibited enhanced wear resistance. Compressive residual stresses and phase transformations, as confirmed using X-ray diffraction, contributed to the enhanced wear resistance. The measurement of the surface free energy also confirmed the enhanced lubricant retention due to texturing. This research has substantial applicability in the aerospace and biomedical fields, where wear resistance and durability of the surface are critical. The enhanced wear resistance provided by the Ti-3Al-2.5V makes it suitable for aerospace components that work under high friction conditions, whereas the enhanced toughness provided by the Ti-6Al-7Nb makes it more suitable for biomedical implants that require long-term durability and biocompatibility. The findings emphasize the engineering applicability of the optimized laser texturing in enhancing the life span of the components and the performance in demanding operational conditions.