A novel optimization model for apparel closed-loop supply chain planning

Closed-loop supply chains play an essential role in the apparel industry, recognized as one of the most environmentally polluting sectors globally due to its intricate supply chain and the use of chemicals in production. Optimizing these supply chain networks is crucial for companies to enhance competitiveness and sustainability. Therefore, this study introduces a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming approach to formulate a Closed-Loop Supply Chain (CLSC) in the apparel industry, aiming to optimize total costs while addressing environmental concerns and promoting efficient resource utilization. The model’s effectiveness and feasibility are validated through the 6 datasets from small to large scales. The datasets generated by normal distribution with different sample sizes are based on a practical dataset of a case study in the apparel industry in Vietnam, one of the world’s largest exporters of textiles. The proposed CLSC model emerges as a practical tool for policymakers and businesses seeking to embrace sustainable practices within the apparel industry.