Inside the Energy Source: Exploring the Electrical Characteristics of Lithium-ion Battery

Lithium-ion batteries have revolutionized the energy storage landscape since their commercialization in the early 1990s. The continuous advancements in lithium-ion technology are driven by the pressing need for sustainable energy solutions and the growing demand for high-performance batteries. This paper explores the electrical characteristics of lithium-ion batteries, including current, voltage, capacity, energy density, voltage loss, and internal resistance, through simulations conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The study highlights how these characteristics change under different discharge rates, providing insights into the ideal time frame for the effective use of a designed battery cell. Furthermore, the paper identifies potential pathways for enhancing battery performance by benchmarking against advancements in alternative battery technologies.