Autonomous Power and Dynamic Load Management in Grid-Connected Microgrid with Supercapacitor and EV Integration

The rising adoption of renewable energy sources (RESs) and electric vehicles (EVs) has made microgrids (MGs) essential for modern energy management. Integration with EV chargers with dynamic loads poses challenges such as fluctuating power supply, unstable grid operations, and limited load control, which conventional battery storage systems (BSSs) struggle to address effectively. An enhanced dynamic energy management strategy (DEMS) for photovoltaic (PV) integrated MG with supercapacitor (SC) storage, grid connectivity, and optimized power distribution for AC and EV charging demand is presented in this study. The SC storage provides instantaneous power stabilization, surpassing conventional systems in managing fluctuations and transient conditions. The proposed system utilizes a DEMS algorithm to optimize the balance among energy generation, storage, and consumption, which ensures reliable and efficient operation. The system’s performance was validated in MATLAB/Simulink under various scenarios. Results show that the PV system operates with 99.7% efficiency, fully meeting the load demand and charging the SC with the excess power. During PV insufficiency, the SC contributes 30.83% of the load, while the PV system provides 69.17%. When both PV and SC support are limited, the grid supplies 60% of the load demand, with the PV system covering the remaining 40%. The system enhances resilience by effectively managing dynamic loads, thereby promoting the shift to sustainable, adaptable, and robust energy solutions.