Electrical Performance Analysis of Old Photovoltaic Modules under Outdoor Condition in Dhaka: Thermal Image-Based Investigation

This study looks at the performance deterioration of six 10-watt photovoltaic (PV) modules after five years in Bangladesh's humid environment. The research utilized a comprehensive approach, doing visual, thermal image, and electrical examinations to provide an integrated comprehension of the PV module in outdoor conditions. A visual analysis of the top and rear views revealed various deterioration causes, including discoloration, delamination, back sheet damage, corrosion, and dust and hotspots. In the thermal image analysis of the PV modules, the maximum temperature of the module was 60.70C, whereas the minimum was 28.30C. Simultaneously, electrical performance was assessed outside using an I-V tracer, and the experimental findings showed that the modules degraded over time. The highest output power for the old PV panel was 9.584 watts, and the minimum was 5.766 watts. The highest yearly deterioration rate among the six panels was 8.468%, while the lowest was 0.832%. Over five years, the largest percentage deterioration rate was 42.34%, while the least was 4.16%. We measured the extent of performance reduction by comparing the collected data to the manufacturer's standards. This paper stresses the association between visual abnormalities and electrical degeneration, shining light on the interaction of these elements.