Design and Implementation of Self Charging E - Bicycle

Abstract—This paper presents the design and implementation of a self-charging electric bicycle that integrates regenerative braking and solar energy harvesting to enhance energy efficiency and reduce dependency on external charging sources. The proposed system employs a brushless DC (BLDC) hub motor, a lithium-ion battery bank, and an ATmega328p microcontroller to manage energy conversion and distribution. Regenerative braking captures kinetic energy during deceleration, while a solar panel mounted on the bicycle frame contributes additional charging under daylight conditions. The BLDC motor controller was developed using Arduino IDE and simulated in Proteus to validate PWM generation and switching logic. Experimental analysis under various operating conditions demonstrated improved energy recovery and extended runtime. The findings indicate that the proposed self-charging mechanism can significantly improve the autonomy and sustainability of electric bicycles, offering a practical solution for urban and rural transportation needs. Keywords—Electric Bicycle, Self-Charging, BLDC Motor, Regenerative Braking, Solar Charging, Arduino, Lithium-ion Battery.