Design and Verification of a Highly Reliable Integrated Sensing and Transmission Monitoring Module for Substations Using Wireless Communication

To address the reliability challenges of equipment condition monitoring in the complex electromagnetic environment of smart substations, this paper designs an integrated sensing and transmission monitoring module based on heterogeneous wireless communication. This solution breaks through the limitations of traditional wired monitoring systems by integrating multimodal sensors for temperature, vibration, and partial discharge, and achieves dynamic data compensation through an improved Kalman filter. A heterogeneous wireless architecture combining ZigBee and LoRa is constructed, where ZigBee adopts a hybrid topology for networking, and LoRa ensures long-distance transmission using spread spectrum modulation. A smart communication protocol stack is developed, integrating adaptive frequency hopping, forward error correction, and multipath redundancy mechanisms, reducing the bit error rate to the order of 10–<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> at a 15dB signal-to-noise ratio. Tested in a 110kV simulated substation, the module achieves a data transmission success rate of 99.6% within a 1200m communication radius, with an average latency of less than 42ms, reducing energy consumption by 37% compared to single-mode communication and improving resistance to sudden interference by five times. The system has been certified according to the DL/T 860 standard, providing a reliable solution for unmanned operation and maintenance of smart substations. Keywords-Smart Substation; Heterogeneous Wireless Communication; Integrated Sensing and Transmission; Reliability; Adaptive Frequency Hopping; Multimodal Sensors.