A 3D Virtual Physics Lab Simulation for Android: Bridging Laboratory Gaps in Resource-Constrained Schools through Performance-Optimized Mobile Technology

In many resource-constrained regions, including rural and coastal areas of Bangladesh, students face significant challenges in conducting hands-on science experiments due to a lack of laboratory infrastructure and trained instructors. This research presents the development and evaluation of a 3D Virtual Physics Lab Simulation, an Android-based application designed to bridge this gap. Aligned with the physics curriculum for 9th and 10th-grade students in Bangladesh, the app provides realistic 3D simulations of multiple laboratory experiments, enabling students to perform practical tasks offline on low- to mid-range devices.The app integrates 3D models created in Blender with simulations developed in Unity Engine, using C# for scripting to implement interactive functionality. Key features include interactive tools for experiment manipulation, touch-based controls, and real-time feedback comparing user inputs with predefined values. Performance profiling demonstrated that the app achieves higher frame rates on octa-core devices compared to quad-core devices with similar RAM configurations while maintaining consistent loading times.Usability testing with 200 students showed a moderate normalized gain of = 0.44, indicating improvements in engagement and understanding despite only 30 minutes of practice. This suggests that regular use will lead to greater proficiency. This research highlights the transformative role of mobile technology in providing accessible and practical science education in economically disadvantaged regions. While focused on Bangladesh, the methodology and findings offer a replicable model for enhancing science education globally.