Integrating a multi-criteria decision-making model in selecting the most optimal waste treatment methods

In Vietnam, tens of thousands of tons of household waste are generated. Over 70% of this waste is disposed of in landfills, causing serious environmental pollution in soil, water, and air, particularly in urban areas. The remaining 30% is managed through non-landfill methods, including incineration, which contributes to severe air pollution due to two-thirds of this segment being treated in this way. This paper proposes the use of a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) model to evaluate and select options for converting waste to energy in Vietnam. The model combines Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Interactive Multi-Criteria Decision Making (TODIM) models. FAHP is used to determine the weights of the criteria. Then, the TODIM model is used to rank and select the optimal waste treatment methods. This study proposes the combined FAHP and TODIM model to provide a systematic and comprehensive perspective to make the most accurate assessments. This allows decision-makers to thoroughly examine and rank the methods based on multiple criteria, leading to more accurate and favorable results. The research contributions include proposing the methods of Landfill, Photoelectrochemical, Anaerobic, Blast furnaces, and Gasification to minimize waste and reduce the risk of negative environmental impacts in Vietnam and globally.