Fine-Scale Analysis of Rock Deformation Based on Image Alignment Algorithm

The nonuniform deformation behavior of rocks is the key to reveal their damage evolution mechanism, which plays an important role in the assessment of geotectonic stability, geotechnical engineering safety design and resource extraction efficiency. In order to better investigate the microscopic deformation mechanism of rocks under uniaxial compression conditions, a deformation field reconstruction method integrating image preprocessing and alignment parameter optimization analysis is proposed. Taking the sandstone specimen as the research object, the indoor rock fracturing test is conducted, the deformation image data are collected, the deformation field is reconstructed through a series of preprocessing operations and various alignment parameter optimization analyses, and the reliability of the algorithm is verified multidimensionally by using the real displacement field. The results show that the feature matching rate of the pre-processed scattering image is significantly improved, the displacement field and strain calculation error is reduced under the optimal parameter combination, and the efficiency is significantly improved, which provides a new idea for the characterization of discontinuous deformation in rock mechanics experiments.