IoT Based Low-Cost Azimuth-Elevation Dependent Dual Axis Solar Tracking & Monitoring System

This research focuses on creating a highly accurate dual-axis solar tracker based on the azimuth-elevation angle and sharing data via the Internet of Things (IoT). The sun is the most powerful natural energy source, along with wind and water. Solar energy can be used by converting the solar energy of the sun into electrical energy via PV (photovoltaic) panels. The conversion efficiency of a fixed PV panel is low because the PV panel output is dependent on the amount of sunlight that strikes it directly. Fixed panels suffer from constant changes in sun position throughout the day and season. The solar panel should be perpendicular to the sun's rays to maximize efficiency. This can be accomplished by rotating the solar tracker with the sun throughout the day. The azimuth and elevation angles of the Sun determine its position. The world is currently entering a new era known as the Internet of Things, in which everything is available on the internet. Compared with static and single-axis trackers, the prototype demonstrates significant efficiency improvements while maintaining affordability, with a prototype cost of 3,500 BDT (30 USD). For larger systems (100 W–200 W), the cost ranges from 350 to 560 USD, providing a scalable solution for individual and community applications. This study highlights the potential of combining the IoT and renewable energy technologies to increase energy efficiency and sustainability, making this solar tracker precise, affordable, and accurate for tracking.